Lit anal #2 Great Expectations

General

1) The protagonist of this novel, Pip, is a young boy that is full of expectations but faces unexpected challenges in life. He was taken in by his sister and her husband. This novel expresses the maturity of Pip and shows how he grows throughout the story with people that were both good or bad but were both influential.

2) Pip is determined to live life adventurously but he is held back by his child like mind.

3) Dickens uses detailed information as he describes different scenarios and uses strong imagery while doing so. For example: "His age was about sixty. That he was a muscular man, strong on his legs, and that he was browned and hardened by exposure to kind of amazement, that he was holding out of both hands to me"

4 Imagery: "stretching up cautiously out of their graves, to get a twist around his ankle and pull him in.”

Point of view: "I had never felt before, so blessedly, what it is to have a friend.”

Metaphor: "when I first left the forge, so, the evening mists were rising now.”

Syntax: "become constitutionally green and yellow by reason of me"

Foreshadowing: “Magwitch returned with a complete change of character. It was as if though he wanted the audience to be against him.

Foil: “Joe loves Pip and Orlick is one selfish and unlikeable person

Motifs: “The connection between the world of Pip with the other characters.

Allusion: "through his struggle with Laertes on the brink of the orchestra and the grave"

Aphorism: "one's white-smith, and one's goldsmith, and one's a copper-smith. Divisions among such must come.

Characterization:

1) Direct: "I found him to be a dry man, rather short of stature, with a square wooden face"

"He rubbed, first of them, and then the other, in a most uncongenial and uncomfortable matter.

Indirect: "is he changed?”  “Very much"

"That girls’ hard and haughty and capriciouse to the last degree.”

2) The author uses qualities which makes Pip as a character change throughout the novel. The diction and syntax show the characterizations of each individual.

3) The protagonist is dynamic because Pip's character shows the improvement of growing throughout the novel.

4) I felt as if though Pip was a strong character as I was able to see his improvement throughout the novel. He matured throughout the text and became a whole new character.

Literature Analysis

1. Esperanza is a 12 year old Chicana who lives in Chicago with her family on Mango Street. Across the street live Rachel and Lucy; her two friends. Throughout the novel Esperanza shares that she cannot wait to leave the small crowded city to become her own person. She is beginning to change physically and emotionally throughout the text. Luckily she has her friends to talk to so she doesn’t feel alone. After she starts to change, she is interested in boys and finds a friend who shares the same interest. But this friend, Sally, only uses guys to escape the reality that she is being abused by her own father. Although Esperanza is not very fond of this, she still hangs out with Sally. In one occasion, Sally leaves Esperanza alone with a group of guy friends. They take advantage of her, and she no longer speaks to sally. Reflecting back on her experiences Esperanza realizes that as ready as she is to leave Mango Street she cannot fully leave it behind because it has become a part of her. Esperanza uses her writing to begin to heal emotionally over everything that she has been through.

2. An important theme of the novel was finding yourself. Esperanza struggles to define herself as a character since the beginning of the novel. To begin, Esperanza wants to change her name without taking into consideration that it is an expression of her family heritage and culture.(her name meaning hope) When she befriends Sally, she observes the way she is around boys in hopes to be desired and then become cruel so that men will not intend to hurt her. After having her scarring encounter with a young group of men, she no longer wishes to be desired and cruel. As she matures more she realizes that writing is the way that she is able to define herself.

3. In the beginning of the novel the author is very pessimistic about the events occurring in her life. The author is pessimistic about living in a small segregated neighborhood where she feels that she cannot get out. Being that her family is very poor she does not have very much hope that she will make it far in life due to the challenges that she faces daily. Towards the end of the novel, she begins to be more optimistic once she finds herself. Through her negative experiences, she then turns them into life lessons in her writing

4. Diction: The author writes to us about her life with every day speech rather than making it seems like a historical event.

Parable: The author includes stories of herself or other characters in which she learned a lesson. For example: she writes about when she was stuck in the situation with the group of guys .She had learned that Saly’s ways of want and desire were wrong.

Allegory: The author is a representation of a Chicana with the struggle of “self-definition”.

Juxtaposition: The author and her friend Sally are complete opposites and have opposing personalities. While Sally is a girl who is very open to the world of men and finding her way through using them, Esperanza is innocent and new to the experiences which Sally has already been through.

Catharsis: The author writes about the scene where Esperanza is abused by the group of boys by exposing her feelings of post traumatic feelings.

Characterization:

1. Indirect: We are able to define Esperanza by the way she reacts to certain situations. Esperanza is easily influenced. For instance, her Uncle Nacho helps her realize that she is beautiful by dancing with her on the dance floor. She is easily persuaded that she is beautiful. Direct: The kids of Rosa Vargas are wild and crazy. Alice doesn't want to have to work all of her life because she wants to have time to herself to live a little. I think that Sandra Cisneros uses both direct and indirect characterization to have different variety of characters to have dramatic effect.

2. When the novel involves Papa it changes things a lot because Esperanza isn't used to seeing her father like this. She is surprised that he would cry because in the Mexican culture the men are supposed to be tough and not cry. So I found it interesting that her father cries.

3. The protagonist is a round character. Ever since the beginning of the novel she knew that she wasn't going to stay there for every. She always pictures herself getting out of there. At the end she says it again but this time she doesn't care what people will say about her decision.

4after reading this novel I feel that I have a connection to Esperanza, for the fact that we share the same heritage and values.

Lit terms 51-110

Flashback: a narrative device that flashes back to prior events.

Foil: a person or thing that, by contrast, makes another seem better or more prominent.

Folk Tale: story passed on by word of mouth.

Foreshadowing: in fiction and drama, a device to prepare the reader for the outcome of the action; “planning” to make the outcome convincing, though not to give it away.

Free Verse: verse without conventional metrical pattern, with irregular pattern or no rhyme.

Genre: a category or class of artistic endeavor having a particular form, technique, or content.

Gothic Tale: a style in literature characterized by gloomy settings, violent or grotesque action, and a mood of decay, degeneration, and decadence.

Hyperbole: an exaggerated statement often used as a figure of speech or to prove a point.

Imagery: figures of speech or vivid description, conveying images through any of the senses.

Implication: a meaning or understanding that is to be arrive at by the reader but that is not fully and explicitly stated by the author.

Incongruity: the deliberate joining of opposites or of elements that are not appropriate to each other.

Inference: a judgement or conclusion based on evidence presented; the forming of an opinion which possesses some degree of probability according to facts already available.

Irony: a contrast or incongruity between what is said and what is meant, or what is expected to happen and what actually happens, or what is thought to be happening and what is actually happening.

Interior Monologue: a form of writing which represents the inner thoughts of a character; the recording of the internal, emotional experience(s) of an individual; generally the reader is given the impression of overhearing the interior monologue.

Inversion: words out of order for emphasis.

Juxtaposition: the intentional placement of a word, phrase, sentences of paragraph to contrast with another nearby.

Lyric: a poem having musical form and quality; a short outburst of the author’s innermost thoughts and feelings.

Magic(al) Realism:  a genre developed in Latin America which juxtaposes the everyday  with the marvelous or magical.

Metaphor(extended, controlling, and mixed): an analogy that compare two different

things imaginatively.

Extended: a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer

wants to take it.

Controlling: a metaphor that runs throughout the piece of work.

Mixed: a metaphor that ineffectively blends two or more analogies.

Metonymy:  literally “name changing” a device of figurative language in which the name of an attribute or associated thing is substituted for the usual name of a thing.

Mode of Discourse:  argument (persuasion), narration, description, and exposition.

Modernism:  literary movement characterized by stylistic experimentation, rejection of tradition, interest in symbolism and psycholog

Monologue:  an extended speech by a character in a play, short story, novel, or narrative poem

Mood:  the predominating atmosphere evoked by a literary piece.

Motif:  a recurring feature (name, image, or phrase) in a piece of literature.

Myth:  a story, often about immortals, and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that attempts to give meaning to the mysteries of the world.

Narrative:  a story or description of events.

Narrator:  one who narrates, or tells, a story.

Naturalism: extreme form of realism.

Novelette/Novella: short story; short prose narrative, often satirical.

Omniscient Point of View:  knowing all things, usually the third person

Onomatopoeia: use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests its

meaning.

Oxymoron: a figure of speech in which two contradicting words or phrases are combined to produce a rhetorical effect by means of a concise paradox

Pacing:  rate of movement; tempo

Parable:  a story designed to convey some religious principle, moral lesson, or general truth.

Paradox:  a statement apparently self-contradictory or absurd but really containing a possible truth; an opinion contrary to generally accepted ideas.

Parallelism: the principle in sentence structure that states elements of equal function should have equal form.

Parody:  an imitation of mimicking of a composition or of the style of a well-known artist.

Pathos:  the ability in literature to call forth feelings of pity, compassion, and/or sadness.

Pedantry: a display of learning for its own sake.

Personification: a figure of speech attributing human qualities to inanimate objects or  abstract ideas.

Plot: a plan or scheme to accomplish a purpose

Poignant:  eliciting sorrow or sentiment.

Point of View: the attitude unifying any oral or written argumentation; in description, the physical point from which the observer views what he is describing.

Postmodernism: literature characterized by experimentation, irony, nontraditional forms, multiple meanings, playfulness and a blurred boundary between real and imaginary.

Prose:  the ordinary form of spoken and written language; language that does not have a regular rhyme pattern.

Protagonist: the central character in a work of fiction; opposes antagonist.

Pun:  play on words; the humorous use of a word emphasizing different meanings or applications.

Purpose: the intended result wished by an author.

Realism:  writing about the ordinary aspects of life in a straightfoward manner to reflect life as it actually is.

Refrain:  a phrase or verse recurring at intervals in a poem or song; chorus.

Requiem:  any chant, dirge, hymn, or musical service for the dead.

 Resolution: point in a literary work at which the chief dramatic complication is worked out; denouement.

Restatement: idea repeated for emphasis.

Rhetoric: use of language, both written and verbal in order to persuade.

Rhetorical Question: question suggesting its own answer or not requiring an answer; used in argument or persuasion.

Romanticism:  movement in western culture beginning in the eighteenth and peaking in the nineteenth century as a revolt against Classicism; imagination was valued over reason and fact.

 Satire:  ridicules or condemns the weakness and wrong doings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general.

Scansion: the analysis of verse in terms of meter.

Setting: the time and place in which events in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem occur

Simile:  a figure of speech comparing two essentially unlike things through the use of a specific word of comparison.

Soliloquy: an extended speech, usually in a drama, delivered by a character alone on stage.

Spiritual: a folk song, usually on a religious theme.

Speaker: a narrator, the one speaking.

Stereotype: cliché; a simplified, standardized conception with a special meaning and appeal for members of a group; a formula story.

Stream of Consciousness: the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images, as the character experiences them.

Structure: the planned framework of a literary selection; its apparent organization.

Style:  the manner of putting thoughts into words; a characteristic way of writing or speaking.

Subordination: the couching of less important ideas in less important  structures of language.

Surrealism: a style in literature and painting that stresses the subconscious or the nonrational aspects of man’s existence characterized by the juxtaposition of the bizarre and the banal

Suspension of Disbelief: suspend not believing in order to enjoy it.

Symbol: something which stands for something else, yet has a meaning of its own.

Synesthesia: the use of one sense to convey the experience of another sense.

Synecdoche: another form of name changing, in which a part stands for the whole.

Syntax: the arrangement and grammatical relations of words in a sentence.

Theme:  main idea of the story; its message(s).

Thesis: a proposition for consideration, especially one to be discussed and proved

or disproved; the main idea.

Tone: the devices used to create the mood and atmosphere of a literary work; the       

author’s perceived point of view.

Tongue in Cheek: a type of humor in which the speaker feigns seriousness; a.k.a. “dry” or “dead pan”

Tragedy: in literature: any composition with a somber theme carried to a disastrous conclusion; a fatal event; protagonist usually is heroic but tragically (fatally) flawed

Understatement: opposite of hyperbole; saying less than you mean for emphasis

Vernacular: everyday speech

Voice:  The textual features, such as diction and sentence structures, that convey a writer’s or speaker’s pesona

Zeitgeist: the feeling of a particular era in history